The piriformis muscle is located in the buttock region and extends from the sacrum (tailbone) to the upper part of the femur (thigh bone). There is one on each side of the body. The sciatic nerve is a large nerve traveling from the spine down the back of the leg. Along its path, it runs underneath the piriformis muscle. Any condition that causes the piriformis muscle to contact the sciatic nerve can cause piriformis syndrome. Trauma from falling, a tight piriformis, overstretching the muscle from strenuous activity, repetitive motion, and prolonged sitting are all common causes of piriformis syndrome.
Symptoms
- Localized pain in the buttock
- Pain may travel down the back of the leg
- Aching and throbbing
- Burning
- Numbness and tingling
- Sharp and shooting sensations
- Symptoms may increase with prolonged sitting, walking, running, or going up stairs
Treatment
- Avoid or modify activities that increase symptoms
- Ice
- Anti-inflammatory medications
- Physical therapy
- Osteopathic manipulation
- Steroid injections
- Laser therapy
- Acupuncture
- Botox